Who prescribes swimming as antidote to rise in violence?

Who prescribes swimming as antidote to rise in violence, faith-based thinking, led by rise in global temperatures? esp. during the dog days since ancient Egypt-Greece-Rome etc Give #cleanwater they will drink and be healthy, swim together, be merry #Rivercide #Swimming #Dogdays

https://twitter.com/FLYAGARIC2019

 

 

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The Oxford Olympics Study 2016: Cost and Cost Overrun at the Games

Hat tip to boingboing.

--Steve Fly

Abstract:      

Given that Olympic Games held over the past decade each have cost USD 8.9 billion on average, the size and financial risks of the Games warrant study. The objectives of the Oxford Olympics study are to (1) establish the actual out turn costs of previous Olympic Games in a manner where cost can consistently be compared across Games; (2) establish cost overruns for previous Games, i.e., the degree to which final out turn costs reflect projected budgets at the bid stage, again in a way that allows comparison across Games; (3) test whether the Olympic Games Knowledge Management Program has reduced cost risk for the Games, and, finally, (4) benchmark cost and cost overrun for the Rio 2016 Olympics against previous Games. The main contribution of the Oxford study is to establish a phenomenology of cost and cost overrun at the Olympics, which allows consistent and systematic comparison across Games. This has not been done before.

Main findings of the study are, first, that average actual out turn cost for Summer Games is USD 5.2 billion (2015 level), and USD 3.1 billion for Winter Games. The most costly Summer Games to date are London 2012 at USD 15 billion; the most costly Winter Games Sochi 2014 at USD 21.9 billion. The numbers cover the period 1960-2016 and include only sports-related costs, i.e., wider capital costs for general infrastructure, which are often larger than sports-related costs, have been excluded.

Second, at 156 percent in real terms, the Olympics have the highest average cost overrun of any type of mega-project. Moreover, cost overrun is found in all Games, without exception; for no other type of mega-project is this the case. 47 percent of Games have cost overruns above 100 percent. The largest cost overrun for Summer Games was found for Montreal 1976 at 720 percent, followed by Barcelona 1992 at 266 percent. For Winter Games the largest cost overrun was 324 percent for Lake Placid 1980, followed by Sochi 2014 at 289 percent.

Third, the Olympic Games Knowledge Management Program appears to be successful in reducing cost risk for the Games. The difference in cost overrun before (166 percent) and after (51 percent) the program began is statistically significant.

Fourth, and finally, the Rio 2016 Games, at a cost of USD 4.6 billion, appear to be on track to reverse the high expenditures of London 2012 and Sochi 2014 and deliver a Summer Games at the median cost for such Games. The cost overrun for Rio – at 51 percent in real terms, or USD 1.6 billion – is the same as the median cost overrun for other Games since 1999.

Given the above results, for a city and nation to decide to stage the Olympic Games is to decide to take on one of the most costly and financially most risky type of mega-project that exists, something that many cities and nations have learned to their peril.

http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2804554

LONDON OLYMPICS 2012

Remixed to read OILYMPIC GAMES?:
What socio-economic factors influence a nations sports team?
How many of the earths natural resources have to be canned,
Shipped off, traded for the wealth to build Oilympic sports facilities?

Olympic GENES?
How does a nations GENETIC heritage influence its sports team?
Do more diverse and multi-racial gene pools create better athletes,
Or does specialist BREEDING create better results (Like with HORSES)

Olympic Droids?
How does modern technology influence sports people, equipment, swim-suits?
How do you define technology, and what is the limits of an unfair advantage?

How does warfare and conquered territories, countries, nations and
NEW DIVISIONS influence a Sports-Team from any given region.
How does the sports persons FLAG and Symbology relate to that sports-person?

What and where will be the political HOT POTATO in 2012?
Military Invasions another country, Political rallies, Apologetic Banks?
Iraq, Iran, China, Africa, South America, Syria, Israel,
Consciousness, language, neurologic, magik and poetry?

The greatets media spectackles often become the biggest lies to my eyes!
As the world glances at any Olympic city, the most patriotic, stereotypical
And good for business ideals appear. With lights, dancing, and a false staged party atmosphere, as no competitor, judge nor IOC Tsar really knows how to party
Like LONDON does.

I suspect that LONDON will be locked down in a super-tight
Suspended state of being, during the 2012 games.
Royalty, faith and bloody good international business relations
Take precendent, from watching my 6th Oilympic Flames burn across
TV screens...

I loved watching the sports activities, and i will be paying tribute to
Each and every one of them, with love and respect and attension to the
Individual dedication and ability at super-human execution.

I hope athletes find their tongues,
And PUMP THEM UP.
For poetry and art, plus sports.
Theology chanting while playing Tennis?

No gold,
Go GREEN!

--fly